In the bustling city of Nanjing, a megacity in eastern China, the impact of extreme temperatures on emergency ambulance calls is a pressing issue.  Researchers have been digging into hourly data from 2018 to 2021 to understand how extreme cold and heat affect the need for emergency medical services.  They looked at emergency ambulance calls, weather conditions, and air pollutants to figure out the hourly effects of temperature extremes.   This was done by using a distributed lag nonlinear model.  This model helped to quantify the impact of extreme cold and heat on emergency ambulance calls and identify potential factors that might change this impact.

The study didn't stop at Nanjing.  Researchers also gathered data from other studies to get a broader picture.  They used a random-effects meta-analysis model to combine the findings from Nanjing with those from other research.  This approach helped to strengthen the conclusions by looking at a wider range of data.

Extreme temperatures can have serious health effects.  Heatwaves and cold snaps can lead to increased hospitalizations and even deaths.  Emergency ambulance calls often spike during these times, putting a strain on healthcare systems.  Understanding how temperature extremes affect emergency calls is crucial for preparing and responding to these challenges.

Air pollution is another factor that can worsen the impact of extreme temperatures.  Pollutants can make it harder for people to breathe and exacerbate health issues.  This is especially true during extreme weather conditions.  The study in Nanjing looked at how air pollutants interact with temperature extremes to affect emergency ambulance calls.

The findings from this research can help cities like Nanjing better prepare for extreme weather events.  By understanding the hourly impacts of temperature extremes, healthcare systems can allocate resources more effectively.  This means more ambulances and medical staff might be needed during certain times of the day or year.  It also highlights the importance of addressing air pollution to reduce its impact on health during extreme weather.

In the end, this study shows how important it is to consider multiple factors when looking at the effects of extreme temperatures.  It's not just about the heat or the cold; it's also about how these conditions interact with other environmental factors.  By taking a comprehensive approach, cities can better protect their residents and ensure that emergency services are ready when needed.

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