Khaliajuri Haor, a shallow wetland in Northeast Bangladesh, is facing serious issues. Climate change and human activities are taking a toll on this bowl-shaped wetland. To understand what's going on, a study was conducted to look at fish populations and the threats they face.

The study collected data on water quality and fish species every month from July 2020 to June 2021. Fishermen were also asked about their observations. A total of 59 fish species and 3 prawn species were identified, belonging to 9 orders and 20 families. The most common type of fish found was from the Cypriniformes group, making up 26. 34% of the total catch. Interestingly, the number of fish caught varied each month. January saw the highest catch at 24. 88%, while May had the lowest at 1. 56%. Among the species, Puntius sophore was the most common, while Bagarius bagarius was the rarest.

The study also looked at what fish eat and found that planktivores, which feed on plankton, were the most dominant group at 32. 09%. Redundancy analysis showed that dissolved oxygen (DO) was a key factor influencing the 10 most common fish species. Other factors like water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, nitrate, and phosphate also played significant roles in the overall fish population.

So, what's causing the decline in fish numbers? Several factors were identified. During dry months, the haor dries up, making it hard for fish to survive. Overfishing and harmful fishing methods are also big problems. Additionally, structures that block fish migration and siltation (the buildup of sediment) are making things worse.

To fix these issues, an ecosystem-based management strategy is suggested. This could involve creating sanctuaries for fish and enforcing regulations to protect them. It's crucial to address these problems to keep the fish population healthy and diverse in Khaliajuri Haor.

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