The food we consume plays a significant role in preventing cardiovascular disease. However, healthcare providers may not always be up-to-date with the latest research on how diet affects heart health. This review looks at existing studies to understand how different eating habits and specific foods impact the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Plant-based diets that focus on whole, unprocessed foods, along with plenty of vegetables and fruits, are known to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, diets high in processed foods, meat, salt, sugar, and saturated fats increase the risk. The Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and vegetarian diets have been shown to be particularly effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. However, vegan diets do not offer any additional benefits. Low-carbohydrate diets might be helpful, but more research is needed to confirm their long-term effects.

It's also important to spread out calorie intake evenly throughout the day. Fasting, whether it's alternate-day, intermittent, time-restricted, or periodic, can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it can be challenging to stick to these fasting routines. Moderate coffee consumption does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Drinking one unit of alcohol per day might even reduce cardiovascular risk without causing any harm. But be mindful, this is not a recommendation to start drinking alcohol.

When it comes to supplements, there's no strong evidence that vitamin and mineral supplements reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Eating a balanced diet is usually enough to get all the necessary nutrients. High potassium intake is good for healthy individuals, but high sodium intake is harmful. Calcium or selenium supplements do not provide any extra benefits.

Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to diet when it comes to preventing cardiovascular disease. They should assess their patients' diets and provide evidence-based recommendations. However, it's crucial to remember that dietary guidelines should be personalized and consider each individual's unique needs and health status. Also, it's important to note that while diet plays a significant role in heart health, it's not the only factor. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and managing stress are also crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease.

HEALTH PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES

Food Choices and Heart Health: What You Need to Know

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