Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a serious and common health issue. It is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Traditional photon radiotherapy has been used to treat HCC, but it comes with significant risks. These risks include high exit doses of radiation and
Cells in our bodies have a gender identity, which is crucial for understanding health differences between males and females. This might sound surprising, but it's true. Every cell in our body, not just reproductive cells, carries sex chromosomes that influence how our organs develop and function. Th
Exercise has long been known to lower the chances of getting cancer and help with treatment. But how exactly does it work? One interesting idea is that exercise might help by sending out tiny messengers called extracellular vesicles. These vesicles are like little packages that cells use to talk
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been around for over 50 years. It is a key tool for looking at how molecules move and interact inside living cells. This technique helps scientists understand the complex dance of molecules in real-time. One of the stars of this show has been the enhan
The world inside a cell is complex. It is filled with tiny parts called RNA and proteins. These parts work together in ways that are crucial for life. Scientists have long wanted to understand how these parts interact. This is not easy. Traditional methods often use a process called crosslinking. Th
First, let us understand the big picture. Immunotherapy has transformed the way doctors fight advanced liver cancer. This is great news. However, it is not all sunshine and roses. These treatments can cause serious heart problems. These issues can make the treatment less effective. Doctors cal
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, and they are always changing shape. Why they do this has been a mystery. Scientists looked at yeast cells growing in different foods. They found that the shape of mitochondria and their activity do not go hand in hand. Cells can have different mitochondrial
Cancer cells are sneaky. They find ways to sneak into blood vessels, and this is how they spread. This process is called intravasation. It's tricky to study because it's hard to recreate in a lab. But now, there's a new tool called INVADE. It's a tiny, clever device that mimics how blood vessels wor
Liver cancer, known as hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC, is a tough opponent. It hits hard and often goes undetected until it's too late. When it's caught early, treatment can be very effective. But sadly, most people find out about it when it's already advanced. This makes it a big problem for famil
Liver cancer is a serious issue. Doctors use special tests to spot it. One such test is a biopsy. There are different types of biopsies. Two common ones are fine needle aspiration and core biopsies. Both collect tiny bits of tissue from the liver. These bits are then checked under a microscope. A n
