The world of healthcare technology assessment (HTA) and pricing has seen some progress in figuring out how to value combination products. These are products made up of different parts that work together. However, the real challenge is not just about figuring out the value. It is about who should be
Bacteria are clever. They have ways to bring in iron, which they need to grow. One such way is through a process called TonB-dependent signal transduction. This is a common trick used by gram-negative bacteria. It helps them move substances in and out of their cells while also sending signals. Take
Neutrophils are tiny warriors in our bloodstream. They are the most common type of white blood cell. They play a big role in what happens when the brain gets hurt. When the central nervous system is injured, these cells rush to the scene. They can either help or harm the healing process. This is whe
Pregnancy can be a rollercoaster. Hormones are all over the place. The body changes in amazing ways. But what if a woman has a rare condition called Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)? This condition affects the nervous system. It causes problems with movement and body functions. It usually starts in peo
In the world of gaming, 2025 is shaping up to be a big year for fans of Ninja Gaiden. This year, players will get to enjoy not one, but two new games in the franchise. The first is Ninja Gaiden 4, a highly anticipated sequel that has been a long time coming. The second is a bit of a surprise: Ninja
There are two types of water beetles that have developed unique ways to swim. These beetles are part of the Hydrophilidae family. One type, called Amphiops, swims upside down using its middle legs. The other type, which includes Berosus, swims right-side up using its middle and back legs. This is qu
Lithium metal batteries are back in the spotlight. To make them work better, researchers are focusing on improving the electrolytes. These electrolytes need to move ions around efficiently and manage the surfaces where different parts of the battery meet. One exciting approach involves creating s
Oxygen plays a huge role in how our bodies work. It's in the air we breathe and the blood that flows through our veins. But what if changing how much oxygen we get could make us healthier? This idea is not as far-fetched as it seems. Scientists have been looking into how changing oxygen levels can a
We all know that faces are special to our brains. They are processed differently than other things we see. For instance, when a face is upside down, it becomes much harder to recognize. This is because our brains process upright faces as a whole, not as separate parts. However, there is not much inf
Cancer cells are sneaky. They find ways to sneak into blood vessels, and this is how they spread. This process is called intravasation. It's tricky to study because it's hard to recreate in a lab. But now, there's a new tool called INVADE. It's a tiny, clever device that mimics how blood vessels wor
