Scientists have created a new tool to measure acidity in water. This tool is better than old ones. It uses a special gel and a smart probe. The probe has two parts that change when acidity changes. This makes the tool very accurate. Old tools had problems. They were not very accurate. They could be tricked by other things in the water. The new tool fixes these probl...

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, but they can also cause trouble when things go wrong. Two key factors that can indicate mitochondrial issues are levels of NAD(P)H and pH. These factors are closely linked to a process called mitochondrial autophagy, which is the cell's way of cleaning up damaged mitochondria. A new tool has been created to keep an eye on t...