Plants have a clever way of handling stress. They use special molecules to send signals and protect themselves. These molecules are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). At high levels, they can cause damage. But in the right amounts, they help plants adapt to tough conditions. These molecules are part of a bigger group called rea...

Plants face a lot of challenges from their environment. They have to deal with droughts, salt, extreme temperatures, and even attacks from pests and diseases. To handle these issues, plants use special tools called transcription factors. These tools help plants respond to stress by turning specific genes on or off. One important group of these tools is called NF-Y tr...