Cats and dogs have a special protein called MDR1. This protein acts like a bouncer, controlling which drugs can enter the brain. It's crucial because it keeps harmful drugs like ivermectin out of the brain, preventing toxic reactions. In some pets, a tiny change in the MDR1 gene can cause big probl
The body is a complex machine. One of its key workers is a molecule called hydrogen sulfide. This tiny molecule plays a big role in keeping the body running smoothly. It is involved in many processes, from regulating blood flow to fighting inflammation. However, how it moves around the body and send
The human body is a battleground. Every day, cells face off against invading bacteria. One such invader is Salmonella, a sneaky pathogen that can slip into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. When this happens, the cell's defense system kicks into gear. This system is called xenophagy, a type of auto
Peek into the inner workings of cells, and you'll spot a process called phosphorylation. It's like a tiny light switch that can turn proteins on and off, or rather, it changes their shape, changing their behavior. Knowing when and where this happens is crucial for understanding illnesses and how cel
Understanding microbial communities is no easy task. These tiny organisms are incredibly diverse and complex, making it tough to get a clear picture of their functions. Traditional methods of predicting protein functions, which rely on similarities between sequences, often fall short. They struggle
Scientists have found tiny, active enzymes, called guanylate cyclases (GCs) and adenylate cyclases (ACs), hidden inside bigger proteins in both simple and complex life forms. These enzymes can do jobs like helping cells talk to each other or detect changes in their environment. For instance, in the
