Skin is the body's largest organ, acting as a protective barrier. However, this barrier can also make it tricky to deliver drugs or electrical currents directly into the body. That's where microneedles come in. These tiny needles can penetrate the skin's outer layer, the stratum corneum, to create pathways for drugs or electrical currents. But traditional microneedle...

Scientists sought to improve the way medicine, like methotrexate, passes through human skin. They used tiny needles called Dr. Pen microneedles and tiny, biodegradable beads called poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid microparticles. These beads came in eight different forms. The team studied the beads closely, looking at their size, charge, shape, and how well they ...