Hepatitis B remains a global health issue with about 1. 2 million new infections every year. Despite having a vaccine, the virus keeps spreading. Existing treatments can slow down the disease but can’t cure it completely. To fight the virus effectively, researchers need better tools. One of these to
The world of toxicology is changing. Researchers have been exploring new ways to test how harmful substances affect living things. One exciting development is the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. These 3D models are better at mimicking real tissues than the old flat (2D) cell layers.
The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a sneaky invader. It causes fasciolosis in both humans and animals. The parasite's journey starts when it hitches a ride on contaminated plants. Once inside the body, it transforms into a newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) in the small intestine. Then, it sneaks thr
