There are many types of fungi that live in the soil and help trees grow. These fungi are called ectomycorrhizal fungi. They form a partnership with the roots of trees. They help trees absorb water and nutrients from the soil. In return, the tree provides the fungi with sugars made through photosynth
Silver and sulfur are teaming up in a big way. Two new 3D structures have been created using these elements. These structures are called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and they are quite special. They are stable in water and have unique shapes. These MOFs are named SCU-1 and SCU-2. The first s
The story of life on Earth is full of twists. One big surprise is how tiny, single-celled organisms can band together. This teamwork is common in eukaryotes, the group that includes plants and animals. It's rare in bacteria and was thought to be almost unheard of in archaea, another type of singl
Brown trout are a fascinating example of how animals change their habits as they grow. This process, called ontogenetic niche shifts, greatly influences how many fish there are and how big they get. But here is the kicker: the environment where they live can limit these changes. To dive into this, a
The world of plants and animals is full of different types of organisms. Some have more than two sets of chromosomes. These are called autopolyploids. Others have the usual two sets, known as diploids. Scientists have studied how these groups interact and survive for a long time. The creation o
Fish farming is big business. One key player in this industry is the Cirrhinus mrigala. This fish is popular in aquaculture due to its fast growth and adaptability. But to keep these fish healthy and growing, farmers need to pay close attention to their diet. One crucial nutrient is manganese.
In the realm of blood cancers, tiny messengers are at work. These aren't your typical couriers, but minuscule particles called extracellular vesicles. They're like tiny bubbles that cells release, carrying a mix of molecules inside them. These bubbles are not just passive bystanders. They play a cru
Brain injuries from explosions are a big deal. They have become more common in both soldiers and civilians. The long-term effects can be serious, including problems with thinking and memory. But not everyone is affected the same way. Genes and gender play a big role in how well someone bounces back
The human body is a battleground. Every day, cells face off against invading bacteria. One such invader is Salmonella, a sneaky pathogen that can slip into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. When this happens, the cell's defense system kicks into gear. This system is called xenophagy, a type of auto
The moon is a dusty place. This dust, called regolith, is a big problem. It can harm equipment and even human health. But NASA has a new tool to fight it. They call it the Electrodynamic Dust Shield, or EDS. This technology uses electric fields to push away lunar dust. It recently had a successful t
