Yeast cells, specifically the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are masters of managing amino acids. They use three main pathways to keep amino acid levels in check. The General Amino Acid Control (GAAC) and Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) pathways handle the amino acids inside the cell.
Spatial simulations of complex systems are tricky. They often come with built-in uncertainties about where things happen. To tackle this, a new method called Spatio-Temporal Uncertainty Analysis (ST-UA) has been developed. This approach helps track how these uncertainties change over time and space.
Lung cancer is a tricky beast. It often hides from the immune system, making it tough to treat. But there's a glimmer of hope. Some lung cancers have a high number of mutations, which should make them easier for the immune system to spot. These are called TMB-H cancers. However, about 30% of these c
When people cut down on calories, their bodies go through some big changes. One of the most notable shifts is in how fluids are distributed and managed. This can lead to a drop in blood volume and, consequently, a decrease in blood pressure. This might seem like a good thing for those watching their
Plants have a secret weapon to help them grow and adapt. It's called the Auxin Response Factor, or ARF. This factor is like a master key that helps plants read their own DNA. ARFs have a special part called the DNA-Binding Domain. This domain has a B3 section that lets it interact with specific spot
The universe is full of mysteries, and one of them is the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. These cosmic rays are incredibly powerful, but where do they come from? One possible source is ultra-fast outflows, or UFOs, from active galactic nuclei. These UFOs are not the kind that people repo
Chemical tests often rely on precise measurements. One such test is coulometric titration. This method measures the amount of a substance in a solution by using electricity. The time it takes to complete this test can vary. One factor that influences this time is stack pressure. Stack pressure is t
In the world of farming, cold weather is a big deal for cattle. It makes them burn more energy just to stay warm. This can lead to weight loss and other health issues. So, farmers need to find ways to keep their herds healthy and productive during long, cold winters. One interesting solution comes
In a twist of fate, a young girl's curiosity led to a remarkable discovery in southern Israel. The girl, Ziv Nitzan, was just three years old when she stumbled upon a 3, 800-year-old treasure during a family trip to Tel Azekah. This site, located about 50 miles southeast of Tel Aviv, is a mound of r
Dalbergia odorifera, a plant known for its valuable wood, faces tough challenges when temperatures drop. To understand how it copes, scientists put its seedlings through a cold test. They exposed the young plants to low temperatures for a short period. This wasn't just a simple experiment. It was a
