Understanding when bacteria first emerged on Earth is a big puzzle, mainly because bacteria fossils are rare. Scientists have found a new way to solve this puzzle by looking at ancient partnerships between bacteria and other life forms. They used genes found in mitochondria–the tiny powerhouses insi
Scientists often use genetic data to figure out how closely related different organisms are. One common way they do this is by using something called a Markov substitution model. This model helps them understand how changes, or substitutions, happen in molecular sequences over time. The general time
The Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons (RCBC) is celebrating a big milestone: 50 years of continuous publication! Let's dive into its journey and see how it became a prominent voice in the world of medicine. RCBC started out as a national publication, focusing on surgical developments in
Imagine a TV that can produce colors more efficiently and brightly than ever before. That's what Hisense is promising with its new TriChroma LED technology, which was showcased at CES 2025. Unlike traditional LED TVs that use white or blue backlights filtered into colors, TriChroma LED TVs generate
Imagine you're a grass trying to survive in harsh conditions. You might think that learning to handle drought would also help you deal with cold winters. Scientists are exploring if this is true or not. They studied different types of grasses and how they adapt to different climates. Some grasses th
Have you ever wondered how spiders detect smells? Researchers have found that male spiders use tiny hairs on their legs to smell. These hairs, called wall-pore sensilla, act like a nose. They help spiders find mates by detecting special scents called pheromones. Female spiders release these scents t
Washing machines might seem clean, but they're actually home to tiny hitchhikers—bacteria. These microscopic critters latch onto surfaces made of metals, polymers, and rubber, forming slimy layers called biofilms. They don't just stick to the machine; they also hitch a ride on clothes. Sweat, skin p
In 1979, Iran experienced a dramatic shift when the Islamic Republic took power. This new regime rolled back decades of progress for women's rights, imposing strict rules like mandatory hijabs and banning women from many jobs. The changes were swift and harsh. Women were segregated, punished for dis
Volcanic areas are some of the most active places on Earth, but we don't understand them very well. Let's look at the central Cascade arc in the USA. Here, water and landforms change together in a systematic way, linked to how old the volcanic rocks are. At the Cascade crest, where there's a lot of
In the past few years, China's poultry industry has been hit hard by the rise of new avian orthoreovirus (ARV) strains. This study dives into how these viruses have been changing in commercial broiler farms from 2016 to 2021. Researchers collected and identified 51 unique ARV samples from different
