The UFO method is a new way to figure out the best dose for immunotherapy treatments. It's all about finding the sweet spot where the medicine works well but doesn't cause too many side effects. This method doesn't use complicated math models. Instead, it looks at how different types of results are connected. It considers things like how the body responds to the trea...

Imagine you're exploring the world of finance, but this time, you're not dealing with probabilities. We're talking about a new approach called causal functional calculus. This method focuses on the paths taken by financial assets, not just their possible outcomes. One key idea here is something called self-financing. Normally, you'd use integration to figure out the...