Fighting in Captive Ground-Hornbills

Southern Ground Hornbills (SGHs) face big trouble with aggression among their fellow birds when living in captivity. Captive breeding can be tricky and unsafe for these birds. Birds from the same species can get aggressive toward each other, especially during the breeding season. It happens a lot when they get older and reach sexual maturity. Dont forget that these birds are on the endangered list in South Africa, Namibia, and Swaziland. Lots of deaths in captivity come from fights with other SGHs, making it important to manage these birds more effectively. 46 years of data on captive hornbill deaths give us clues about what causes these fights. By closely looking at facts such as the time of year, the birds' age, their social connections, what sex they are, and how they are taken care of in the eyes of nature and their captivity. This info can help us know who gets aggressive and how to prevent it. Birds who are not close relatives often get in fights. Young birds don't get into fights when they are staying with their family groups, but when they are adults. This aggression is not something you will usually discover suddenly. Males usually start the fight. They get into fights more often with unrelated birds or younger birds who are ready for mating. These situations are more likely to happen during the spring breeding season in the southern hemisphere. Using this knowledge, we can control the birds' living segments to keep them safe and stop fights from happening. By managing SGH groups correctly, we can have better success in breeding more birds in captivity and returning them to the wild Breeding in captivity is expensive and hard. It's important to be from individuals going to keep the species with increasing numbers. It's crucial to figure out how to keep them safe from fighting in captivity. Breeding in the wild could become very difficult.