In tropical regions, millions of people carry intestinal worms that can linger for years and cause serious health problems. When these worm infections overlap with malaria, the outcome is not simply additive; one disease can change how the other behaves inside the host. Researchers used mice to stu
Have you ever wondered how some germs manage to hide from the body's defenses? Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) is a tiny, cell wall-less bacterium that can cause disease in goats and cattle. It has a clever trick: it can switch on and off a sugar-like coating called capsular polysaccharide (C
The liver is a tough organ. It can handle a lot of damage. But when liver cells die, they release signals that cause inflammation. This is not from an infection. It is from the body's own response to injury. Neutrophils are the first responders. They release traps to catch invaders. These traps are
The immune system's response to HIV treatment can vary greatly among individuals. Some men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV do not experience a full immune recovery, even with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is a critical issue because it highlights the complexity of HIV treatment and
People with a brain disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) often take a medicine named dimethyl fumarate (DMF). This drug helps to ease the symptoms of MS. But how exactly does it work? Scientists wanted to find out. They did some tests on mice to see what happens. First, they gave the mice a subst
NF-κB, a crucial player in cell functions, has been under the spotlight since its discovery. It's like a conductor in the orchestra of our cells, directing immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. When it goes haywire, it can lead to various diseases, especially cancer. This review dives
Scientists have come up with a clever trick to fight cancer. They took a common bacteria, Salmonella, and tweaked its genes to make it a cancer-fighting tool. This isn't just any bacteria; it's been modified to seek out and attack tumors. The idea is to inject these smart bacteria into tumors, where
The human body is a bustling city of tiny organisms. Some of these tiny organisms are bacteria that live in the upper respiratory tract. These bacteria can influence how the body reacts to infections like COVID-19. A recent study shed light on this complex relationship. Researchers looked at 123 pe
Duck plague virus (DPV) is a nasty piece of work. It belongs to the herpesvirus family and can cause serious sickness and even death in ducks. It's known for causing a severe blood infection that affects many organs. One part of the virus, called gG, is a protein that doesn't help the virus reproduc
The world of cancer treatment is a complex battlefield. One key player in this fight is the tumor microenvironment (TME). This is the area around a tumor, where various cells and substances interact. These interactions can greatly influence how cancer develops and responds to treatment. The TME is a
