The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has made a big decision. Countries can now take each other to court over climate change. This includes historic emissions of gases that warm the planet. The judge in the Hague, Netherlands, said it's tricky to figure out who caused what. But the ruling is a big deal. It's not legally binding, but experts think it could have big effects.

The idea for this case came from young law students in the Pacific Islands. These islands are on the frontlines of climate change. Flora Vano from Vanuatu said the court recognized their suffering and resilience. She sees this as a win for all communities fighting climate change.

The ICJ is the world's highest court. It has global jurisdiction. Lawyers say the opinion could be used soon. Campaigners hope this will lead to compensation from countries that have burned the most fossil fuels. Poorer countries backed the case because they feel developed nations aren't keeping their promises.

Developed countries, like the UK, argued that existing climate agreements are enough. But the court disagreed. The judge said countries must have the most ambitious plans to tackle climate change. He also said international law applies to all countries, even those not in the Paris Agreement.

The ruling is advisory, but past ICJ decisions have been implemented. For example, the UK agreed to hand back the Chagos Islands to Mauritius last year. Experts see this as a big legal moment. It affirms that countries suffering from climate change have a right to compensation.

The court ruled that developing nations can seek damages for climate impacts. This includes destroyed buildings and infrastructure. If restoration isn't possible, compensation can be sought. The Marshall Islands highlighted that adapting to climate change could cost $9 billion. That's a huge amount for a small country.

The court also said governments are responsible for the climate impact of companies in their countries. Subsidizing fossil fuels or approving new oil and gas licenses could breach obligations. Developing countries are exploring new cases for compensation. But the ICJ opinion's respect remains a question.

PACIFIC ISLANDS

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